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Abstract

Background: The kidneys are crucial organs responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the body by regulating water, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and excreting metabolic waste products. Each kidney contains about one million nephrons, the functional units that filter blood to produce urine. There is growing interest in finding natural alternatives to chemical treatments, including exploring the therapeutic potential of plant-based extracts.

Objective: The study aimed to develop a nano-extract from Nigella sativa seeds and evaluate its role in reducing or preventing tissue damage in the kidneys of rats with induced anemia.

Methods: Thirty-six male albino rats, aged 9-11 weeks and weighing 230-265 grams, were divided into six groups, with six animals in each group. The study involved administering Tartrazine and Nigella sativa nano-extract at various concentrations and monitoring their effects on body and kidney weight.

Results: Treatment with Tartrazine (20 mg/kg) significantly reduced body and kidney weights compared to the control group. In contrast, the nano-extract of Nigella sativa seeds (75 and 100 mg/kg) increased both body and kidney weights. Histological examination showed significant kidney tissue damage in the Tartrazine-treated group, while the group treated with 75 mg/kg of Nigella sativa nanoparticles exhibited no significant histological changes, Results showed that tartrazine treatment led to a significant increase in body weight, while treatment with Nigella sativa nanoparticles, particularly at higher concentrations, helped mitigate the harmful effects of tartrazine. Additionally, histological examinations revealed that tartrazine caused glomerular atrophy and degeneration in the kidney tissue, while the groups treated with Nigella sativa nanoparticles exhibited no such damage, indicating a protective effect.

Conclusion: This study investigated the effect of tartrazine and Nigella sativa nanoparticles on body weight, kidney weight, and histological structure of male albino rats. The results showed that tartrazine at a dose of 20 mg/kg significantly increased the body weight of the rats, while the addition of Nigella sativa nanoparticles at varying concentrations produced varying effects on body weight. Specifically, the combination of tartrazine and Nigella sativa nanoparticles resulted in no significant differences at 75 mg/kg. However, at 100 mg/kg, a significant increase in body weight was again observed.

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